C

What an RTOS Actually Does: Tasks, Scheduling and Why It Matters

A practical introduction to real-time operating systems: what a task scheduler does, why timing guarantees matter in embedded systems and how FreeRTOS implements preemptive multitasking on a microcontroller.

UART From Scratch: Serial Communication Without a Library

How to set up UART on an AVR microcontroller using bare metal C, configure baud rate registers, transmit and receive bytes and debug embedded systems over a serial monitor.

Bare Metal AVR: Building a Nine-Mode State Machine Without Any Framework

How I built a nine-mode state machine on an ATmega644P from scratch using bare metal C, writing directly to hardware registers with no framework, no HAL and no shortcuts. Still ongoing.

64 LEDs, One Cube: How I Built a 4x4x4 NeoPixel LED Cube with Adaptive Brightness

A walkthrough of building a 4x4x4 NeoPixel LED Cube with four animation modes and automatic brightness adjustment via an LDR sensor, using Arduino and bare C++.

Embedded

Retargeting `printf` to UART lets you use standard C stdio for debug output on an MCU

Embedded

`pdMS_TO_TICKS()` converts milliseconds to RTOS ticks portably across tick rate configs

C

`volatile` tells the compiler a variable can change outside of program control

Embedded

PWM duty cycle on a microcontroller comes from the ratio of compare register to period

C

A format string vulnerability in C lets an attacker read or write arbitrary memory

C

A `static` local variable in C keeps its value between function calls

embedded

4x4x4 NeoPixel LED Cube

64 individually addressable WS2812B LEDs on an Arduino Uno with adaptive brightness, four animation modes and a custom wooden enclosure

embedded

CNC Milling Machine Control System

Safety-critical Arduino control system for a CNC milling machine with door interlocks, emergency stop, state machine firmware and LCD feedback

embedded

Goods Lift Control System

Arduino-based multi-floor goods lift controller with request queuing, door interlocks, emergency stop, PWM motor control and LCD status display

embedded

avr-zac

ATmega644P bare metal C projects with state machines, interrupts, PWM and ADC - actively being extended